The US is worried China could have a top-spec chipmaking machine despite export restrictions, but the machine maker ASML denies it
The US has raised concerns that China might have acquired a top-spec chipmaking machine from ASML, despite export restrictions in place. This worry comes from US Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick, who reportedly shared these concerns in private meetings with ASML's senior leaders, according to Bloomberg.
ASML, the Dutch company that produces the world's most advanced chipmaking machines, has denied these claims. The company asserts that none of its EUV (extreme ultraviolet lithography) machines have been exported to China. These machines are crucial for producing the most advanced semiconductor chips, using high-frequency light to trace circuits onto silicon wafers.
Evidence and Denials
According to anonymous senior US administration officials, there is evidence suggesting that ASML might not be fully truthful about its export practices. This includes reports that EUV tools could have been sent to China, although the evidence was not shared with Bloomberg.
ASML has responded by emphasizing its commitment to transparency and compliance with export control regulations in both the US and the Netherlands. The company stated that it regularly engages in open dialogue with government leaders worldwide and is dedicated to adhering to all applicable regulations.
ASML also mentioned that it has previously refuted unfounded rumors about non-compliance with export controls related to China, which were inaccurate and damaging to its reputation.
The Impact of an EUV Machine in China
If China did manage to obtain an EUV machine from ASML, it would represent a major breakthrough in their chipmaking capabilities. This would bring them significantly closer to the Western market, where companies like TSMC, Intel, and Samsung currently dominate.
ASML’s CEO had previously stated that China is 10–15 years behind the West in chipmaking technology, a gap largely due to export restrictions imposed by the US and the Netherlands. These restrictions have blocked China from acquiring the latest ASML machines.
Despite these barriers, China has been actively trying to catch up. According to Reuters, sources reported that China has developed a prototype EUV machine through reverse-engineering of ASML designs by former ASML employees. However, this prototype is reportedly crude compared to ASML’s machines, and it may take several more years before China can produce functional chips using it.
The Uncertainty Remains
Given ASML’s strong denial that any of its EUV machines are in China, it's possible that the prototype might be the source of the confusion. However, without public evidence from the US government, the situation remains uncertain. The lack of transparency on both sides makes it difficult to determine the truth of the matter.
